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State of Practice of Construction Site Safety in the USA

Fei Dai,Yoojung Yoon,Hota V. GangaRao

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 275-282 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016035

摘要： The construction industry has long been plagued with a high number of fatalities in the USA. Much safety improvements have been made after the USA Congress passed the Occupational Safety and Health Act in 1970. However, this industry still suffers from a disproportionately high rate of work-related fatalities in comparison to other industries. To provide a holistic view of current construction safety practices and corresponding performance, this paper reviews statistics of construction fatalities and their causes. It then presents efforts led to prevent work-related accidents and injuries by the federal safety agencies and the industry. Additionally, advantages and limitations of current practices in terms of construction safety have been discussed along with promotion of aspects in construction work environment.

关键词： workplace safety construction industry safety strategy accident prevention review work

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中国食品安全科技发展方向讨论

魏益民,吴永宁,周乃元,潘家荣

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第11期页码 1-4

摘要：

从发展国家食品安全战略，强化国家食品安全科技的角度，提出中国食品安全科技优先发展的四大方向，即风险分析是食品安全科技战略的首选领域；“从农田到餐桌”整体控制体系是食品安全全程控制技术和操作规范的理论基础，是实施食品安全管理的重要技术手段；检测监测技术是预警、预防、应急的技术依据，应集中力量开发一批内控和标准检验必须的快速检测技术和标准检测技术；以政府、生产者、消费者为责任人主体的管理理念是食品安全管理的基本原则，食品链上的所有责任人应在保障食品质量和安全的问题上主动承担责任。

关键词：食品安全科技战略发展方向

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水产养殖产品精制加工与质量安全发展战略研究

薛长湖,翟毓秀,李来好,熊善柏,姚琳,李兆杰

《中国工程科学》 2016年第18卷第3期页码 43-48 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.03.007

摘要：

本文基于对我国养殖水产品精制加工和质量安全现状、存在问题的客观分析，提出了“构建以加工引导养殖、保障消费的现代水产业发展新模式，促进养殖、加工与物流业同步发展”“完善科研经费投入体制，构建以加工引导养殖、以加工保障消费的渔业科技创新体系”“强化源头创新，研发关键配套技术，解决水产加工产业发展的瓶颈问题”及“加强顶层设计，增强政策、法律法规与科研项目引导，切实保障养殖水产品质量安全”等促进水产品加工业健康发展的建议，并提出了发展我国水产品加工产业的关键技术，为推动我国水产业转型升级、实现现代化提供理论支撑。

关键词：水产加工质量安全发展战略

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长江堤防安全评价的理论方法和实现策略

李青云,张建民

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第6期页码 7-13

摘要：

对长江堤防安全评价的理论与方法进行了较为系统的阐述。重点论述了长江中下游堤防的特点和破坏机理，分析了与堤防安全有关的基本因素；针对堤防安全评价的层次性和动态性等特点，初步建立了长江中下游堤防安全评价的理论框架，提出了堤防安全评价的流程与方法。

关键词：长江堤防安全评价指标体系层次分析

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我国核安全技术发展战略研究

彭述明,夏佳文,王毅韧,彭现科,黄洪文,郑春,丁文杰

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 113-119 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.017

摘要：

核安全是国家安全体系的重要组成部分，是发展核事业的前提、基础和生命线。先进可靠的核安全技术是保持并提高本质安全的基石，开展核安全技术战略研究对于建设核科技强国意义重大。本文采用“总 – 分 – 凝 – 综”的思路，通过院士访谈、实地调研、会议研讨、资料调研等多种途径，对我国核安全技术体系展开深入研究。结果表明：在总体国家安全观和核安全观的指引下，近年来我国核安全技术进展明显，核安全业绩良好；但也面临核安全标准体系建设有待深化、核安全软件研发统筹不足、核安全高精尖装备受制于人等瓶颈问题。为持续推进核安全治理体系与治理能力现代化，实现核大国向核强国的历史性跨越，建议进一步完善核安全标准体系；统筹资源、集中攻关，推进自主化核安全软件高质量发展；强化“政、产、学、研、用”结合，解决高端核安全装备“卡脖子”问题。

关键词：核安全技术标准体系核安全软件核安全装备

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重组生物技术制品生产工艺变更的病毒安全性风险再评估策略

赛文博, 贾东晨, 陈昊, 韦薇

《工程（英文）》 2024年第32卷第1期页码 15-18 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.10.003

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Urban design based on public safety-Discussion on safety-based urban design

Kaizhen CAI, Jianguo WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 219-227 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0023-4

摘要： Because of public safety problems in construction of urban surroundings, this paper expounds the necessity of the study on public safety-based urban design in perspective of modern city. It brings forward the concept of safety-based urban design and attempts to explore the basic connotation and contents with framework for studies.

关键词： urban public safety urban design safety-based urban design

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微生物安全产业发展策略研究

宋仲戬,李曼,胡梁斌,王春明,鲁曦,刘开辉,张丽佳,宇岩,吴清平

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第5期页码 79-85 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.05.010

摘要：

微生物安全是新时期我国社会与经济健康发展的根本保障，是国家粮食安全、公共卫生、社会稳定的重要支撑。本文梳理了我国微生物安全产业发展面临的问题，结合微生物安全产业的政策环境，分析了微生物安全产业的发展需求和现状；在明晰微生物安全产业国内外发展格局的基础上，综合归纳了制约我国致病微生物检测与控制技术创新及应用研发的瓶颈，提出了构建我国微生物安全产业的发展规划。研究建议，强化微生物安全创新研究平台建设；构建微生物安全科学大数据库，以人才建设驱动能力提升；壮大微生物安全龙头企业，以标准规范保障产业发展；强化微生物安全领域的重大系统创新和工程技术研究，探索出我国微生物安全产业的高质量发展路径。

关键词：微生物安全微生物检测微生物诊断微生物防控核酸检测

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Probabilistic safety assessment of self-centering steel braced frame

Navid RAHGOZAR, Nima RAHGOZAR, Abdolreza S. MOGHADAM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 163-182 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0384-z

摘要： The main drawback of conventional braced frames is implicitly accepting structural damage under the design earthquake load, which leads to considerable economic losses. Controlled rocking self-centering system as a modern low-damage system is capable of minimizing the drawbacks of conventional braced frames. This paper quantifies main limit states and investigates the seismic performance of self-centering braced frame using a Probabilistic Safety Assessment procedure. Margin of safety, confidence level, and mean annual frequency of the self-centering archetypes for their main limit states, including PT yield, fuse fracture, and global collapse, are established and are compared with their acceptance criteria. Considering incorporating aleatory and epistemic uncertainties, the efficiency of the system is examined. Results of the investigation indicate that the design of low- and mid-rise self-centering archetypes could provide the adequate margin of safety against exceeding the undesirable limit-states.

关键词： self-centering steel braced frame mean annual frequency safety assessment confidence level margin of safety

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安全科学若干基础问题研究

吕保和

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第11期页码 57-61

摘要：

分析了安全的科学含义，引入了"灾事"的概念，指出安全科学的研究对象就是灾事，并进一步探讨了灾事的类型以及各类灾事之间的关系。阐述了构建安全科学的必要性和可行性，并从一个新的角度分析了安全科学的内涵以及构建安全科学的基本思路，论述了安全科学技术体系的层次结构。

关键词：安全灾事安全科学学科建设

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Analyzing construction safety through time series methods

Houchen CAO, Yang Miang GOH

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第2期页码 262-274 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0015-6

摘要： The construction industry produces a large amount of data on a daily basis. However, existing data sets have not been fully exploited in analyzing the safety factors of construction projects. Thus, this work describes how temporal analysis techniques can be applied to improve the safety management of construction data. Various time series (TS) methods were adopted for identifying the leading indicators or predictors of construction accidents. The data set used herein was obtained from a large construction company that is based in Singapore and contains safety inspection scores, accident cases, and project-related data collected from 2008 to 2015. Five projects with complete and sufficient data for temporal analysis were selected from the data set. The filtered data set contained 23 potential leading indicators (predictors or input variables) of accidents (output or dependent variable). TS analyses were used to identify suitable accident predictors for each of the five projects. Subsequently, the selected input variables were used to develop three different TS models for predicting accident occurrences, and the vector error correction model was found to be the best model. It had the lowest root mean squared error value for three of the five projects analyzed. This study provides insights into how construction companies can utilize TS data analysis to identify projects with high risk of accidents.

关键词： time series temporal construction safety leading indicators accident prevention forecasting

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Global challenges of food safety for China

Joseph J. JEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第3期页码 291-293 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017167

摘要：

Ever since the Melamine event, China has faced challenges of food safety both domestically and globally. With the economic development, the Chinese consumers are demanding high quality, nutritious, and safe foods from the food industry but are not willing to pay higher prices. The Chinese food chain system of mostly small and medium enterprises presents challenges to the government to monitor and implement food safety laws and regulations. The academia and media are learning to take on their responsibilities with some success. Discussions and potential solutions of the global challenges of the five pillars for the food safety in China are presented here.

关键词： food safety challenges food industry government academia media consumer

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A review of the safety and efficacy of current COVID-19 vaccines

《医学前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第1期页码 39-55 doi: 10.1007/s11684-021-0893-y

摘要： Vaccination is the most effective and feasible way to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The rapid development of effective COVID-19 vaccines is an extraordinary achievement. This study reviewed the efficacy/effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety profile of the 12 most progressed COVID-19 vaccines and discussed the challenges and prospects of the vaccine-based approaches in a global crisis. Overall, most of the current vaccines have shown safety and efficacy/effectiveness during actual clinical trials or in the real-world studies, indicating a development of pandemic control. However, many challenges are faced by pandemic control in terms of maximizing the effect of vaccines, such as rapid vaccine coverage, strategies to address variants with immune escape capability, and surveillance of vaccine safety in the medium- and long-terms.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine safety efficacy effectiveness immunogenicity

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Long-term dam safety monitoring of Punt dal Gall arch dam in Switzerland

M. WIELAND, G.F. KIRCHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 76-83 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0144-z

摘要： The 130 m high Punt dal Gall dam is located at the Swiss-Italian border in the South-eastern part of Switzerland and was completed in 1969. The dam is founded on highly folded and partially crushed dolomite and limestone formations. A grout curtain with an area of 120,000 m was provided for controlling seepage. For the monitoring of the dam deformations five inverted pendulums were installed in the dam and three in the rock foundation of the right abutment outside of the dam. For a seasonal water level fluctuation in the reservoir of about 60 m the maximum amplitude of the radial displacement is 25 mm, which includes both the effects of the water load and temperature effects. Furthermore a comprehensive geodetic network was established, 57 joint meters were installed and cracks in the crest gallery are monitored by crack meters. There are also thermometers, piezometers and rocmeters. Springs at the left and right banks of the dam are monitored and chemical analyses of the seepage water and springs are performed regularly. The dam is equipped with strong motion instruments and several near-field earthquakes have been recorded in the past. The paper describes the long-term safety monitoring of this 42 years old arch dam. A short description of the Swiss practice in dam safety monitoring and emergency planning is also given.

关键词： dam safety concept arch dam dam instrumentation dam safety monitoring

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基于本质安全的工业事故风险管理方法研究

吴宗之

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第5期页码 46-49

摘要：

从风险管理角度对生产过程中的安全防护方法进行了分类和论述，提出了基于本质安全思想的工业事故综合风险管理方法与程序，其核心内容是在常规的危险辨识和风险评价基础上，优先应用本质安全原理来减少、消除危险，综合采用无源安全措施、有源安全措施或多层安全防护措施与功能安全标准，将风险降低至可接受水平；提出了本质安全应与清洁生产、绿色化学、循环经济同等纳入优先发展的技术和政策等建议。

关键词：本质安全风险管理事故预防安全设计